The bison is one of the largest land mammals in North America, standing up to 1.6 m (5 ft 1 in) at the withers and reaching a body length of 3–3.5 m (10–12 ft 1 in). It has a massive body with a strong hump of muscle over its shoulders and a thick, reddish-brown coat that provides insulation during harsh winters. Its large head and short, curved horns complete its robust profile, and its short but powerful legs allow it to traverse terrain ranging from open prairie to forested areas.
Habits
Bison live in herds that can number from a few dozen to hundreds of individuals and are predominantly active during the day (diurnal), spending up to 9–11 hours a day grazing. They are migratory animals in the wild, traveling large distances seasonally in search of food and water, and mark their routes with ancient migration paths called “bison trails”.
Reproduction
The rut occurs in July–September, with males being polygynous and fighting for herds; gestation lasts around 260–285 days, and the female usually gives birth to a single calf, which is nursed for 6–8 months and may remain close to the mother for up to a year.
Distribution
Historically, bison dominated the Great Plains of North America, from southern Canada to the central United States; after near extinction in the 19th century, reintroduced and protected populations now live in reserves and national parks in the US and Canada, such as Yellowstone or Banff.
